Table 1.
Summary of RCTs which assessed the effect of exercise training on hepatic fat content of subjects with type 2 diabetes.
| Study | Patients | Design and duration | Intervention | Technique for fat assessment | Effect of intervention | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI | Body composition | Hepatic fat content | |||||
| Tamura et al., (2005) [11] | 14, overweight | Diet versus diet plus exercise; 2 weeks | AER exercise 50–60% VO2max, 30 min, 5-6 times a week; low-fat diet | H-MRS |
D: −0.4 kg/m2
D + EX: −0.7 kg/m2 |
Body fat D: −2.4% D + EX: −2.8% |
D: −2.18% D + EX: −1.48% (absolute change) |
|
| |||||||
| Bonekamp et al., (2008) [12] | 45, obese | Exercise versus control group; 6 months | Moderate AER and weightlifting exercise, 45 min, 3 times a week; (Diet: ?) | H-MRS | No change | Body fat EX: −1.3% SAT EX: −12 cm2 |
EX: −2.5% (absolute change) |
|
| |||||||
| Lazo et al., (2010) [13] | 96, obese | Intensive lifestyle versus standard diabetes support and education; 12 months | Moderate AER exercise, 175 min per week; moderate caloric restriction | H-MRS | −2.6 kg/m2 |
Body fat: −8.8% SAT: −6.7% VAT: −12.7% |
D + EX: −50.8% DSE: −22.8% (percent change) |
|
| |||||||
| Albu et al., (2010) [14] | 58, obese | Intensive lifestyle versus standard diabetes support and education; 12 months | Moderate AER exercise, 175 min per week; moderate caloric restriction | CT scan | D + EX: −4 kg/m2 in men −2.8 kg/m2 in women |
Body fat D + EX: −27.7% in men −14% in women |
D + EX: −18% in both men and women (percent change) |
|
| |||||||
| Bozzetto et al., (2012) [15] | 45, obese | CHO/fibers versus MUFA versus CHO/fibers + exercise versus MUFA + exercise; 8 weeks | AER exercise 70% of baseline VO2peaks, 45 min 2 times a week | H-MRS | No change | No change | MUFA: −29% MUFA + EX: −25% (percent change) |
|
| |||||||
| Bacchi et al., (2013) [16] | 31, overweight or obese | Aerobic versus resistance training; 4 months | AER exercise 60–65% HRR 60 min, 3 times a week; RES exercise: 9 exercises, 3 series, 10 repetitions at 70–80% 1RM, 60 min, 3 times a week; habitual diet | MRI | AER: −0.70 kg/m2
RES: −0.55 kg/m2 |
Body fat AER: −1.90 kg RES: −1.76 kg VAT AER: −66.8 cm2 RES: −38.0 cm2 SAT AER: −17.5 cm2 RES: −22.5 cm2 |
AER: −32.8% RES: −25.9% (percent change) |
AER: aerobic training; CHO: carbohydrate; CT: computed tomography imaging; D: diet only; D + EX: diet plus exercise; DES: standard diabetes support and education; EX: exercise; HRR: heart rate reserve; H-MRS: proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; RES: resistance training; 1RM: one repetition maximum; SAT: subcutaneous adipose tissue; VAT: visceral adipose tissue; MUFA: multi-unsaturated fatty acid diet.