TABLE 1.
Demographics and resuscitation of those who survived compared to those who had a potentially survivable injury, but still died, and those with anatomically non-survivable injuries. Potential survivors had more penetrating injuries, were more hypotensive, more acidotic, had a greater base deficit, were more coagulopathic than both the survivors and non-survivable injured.
| Survivors (n = 114) | Potential survivors (n = 44) | Anatomically Non-survivable (n = 28) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 35.8 ± 16.4 | 38.3 ± 17.8 | 45.7 ± 23.0 | 0.033 |
| % male | 74.6% | 84.1% | 64.3% | 0.167 |
| % penetrating | 53.5% | 61.4% | 28.6% | 0.021 |
| AIS-head | 2.2 ± 2.0 | 2.4 ± 2.0 | 2.9 ± 2.3 | 0.511 |
| ISS | 26.0 ± 14.9 | 31.5 ± 16.5 | 35.9 ± 19.1 | 0.009 |
| GCS | 15 (11 – 15) | 6 (3 – 12) | 3 (3 – 5.5) | <0.001 |
| Temperature (C) | 35.8 ± 0.8 | 35.1 ± 1.6 | 35.3 ± 1.2 | 0.016 |
| HR (BPM) | 106.7 ± 28.5 | 101.8 ± 45.9 | 99.4 ± 36.6 | 0.508 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 104.0 ± 32.6 | 88.2 ± 43.8 | 124.2 ± 52.3 | <0.001 |
| pH | 7.25 ± 0.15 | 7.04 ± 0.19 | 7.23 ± 0.13 | <0.001 |
| Base deficit | −8.6 ± 5.3 | −15.9 ± 7.2 | −8.8 ± 6.0 | <0.001 |
| Hgb (g/dL) | 12.0 ± 2.3 | 10.8 ± 2.6 | 11.3 ± 2.0 | 0.018 |
| INR | 1.3 (1.1 – 1.5) | 1.7 (1.4 – 2.3) | 1.3 (1.2 – 1.6) | <0.001 |
| PT | 15.4 (14.3 – 17.5) | 19.7 (17.3 – 24.5) | 15.9 (14.9 – 19.7) | <0.001 |
| PTT | 28.4 (24.9 – 32.9) | 40.0 (33.3 – 54.8) | 38.7 (31.5 – 55.0) | <0.001 |
| Platelets×103 | 276 ± 93 | 180 ± 90 | 243 ± 111 | <0.001 |
| WBC103/mm3 | 11.0 (8.0 – 14.2) | 8.3 (5.3 – 11.6) | 9.7 (6.4 – 13.6) | 0.006 |
| Creatinine(mg/dL) | 1.0 (0.8 – 1.3) | 1.3 (1.1 – 1.4) | 1.0 (0.9 – 1.3) | 0.002 |
| Prehospital IVF (mL) | 250 (50 – 500) | 100 (25 – 750) | 150 (25 – 1400) | 0.892 |
| 24h crystalloid (mL) | 6.3 (4.4 – 10.1) | 4.0 (2.0 – 9.0) | 8.3 (4.1 – 11.4) | 0.017 |
| 24h colloid(mL) | 0 (0 – 0) | 0 (0 – 0) | 0 (0 – 0) | 0.362 |
| 24h PRBC(units) | 10 (6 – 17) | 23.5 (13 – 38.5) | 13 (8.5 – 19) | <0.001 |
| 24h FFP(units) | 8 (4 – 12) | 13 (4.5 – 24) | 10 (4.5 – 14) | 0.035 |
| 24h platelets (apheresis unit) | 1 (0 – 2) | 1 (0 – 4) | 1 (0 – 2) | 0.572 |
| % MT | 56.1% | 86.4% | 67.9% | 0.001 |
| 24h RBC:FFP ratio | 1.47 ± 0.86 | 2.32 ± 1.76 | 1.56 ± 0.73 | <0.001 |
| Minutes to MTP | 46.5 (26 – 103.5) | 19.5 (15 – 25) | 67 (35 – 93) | <0.001 |
AIS = Abbreviated Injury Score; ISS = Injury Severity Score; GCS = Glascow Coma Score; HR = heart rate; BPM = Beats per Minute; SBP = Systolic blood pressure; Hgb = Hemoglobin; %MT = Percent of patients receiving full massive transfusion; pRBC = packed red blood cells; FFP = Fresh Frozen Plasma; IVF = Intravenous fluids Normally distributed data are reported in mean +/− SD; skewed data reported as median (Inter-quartile Range)