TABLE 3.
Demographics and resuscitation by cause of death with Survivors shown for reference. There is a higher RBC:FFP ratio in the Exsanguination group as well as significantly higher crystalloid usage in the Late Collapse cohort. Additionally, all patients in the Early and Late Collapse cohorts received full MTP, while only 75% and 67.9% of exsanguination and non-survivable received full MTP.
| Cause of Death | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Potential Survivors | Anatomically Non-Survivable | P value | ||||
| Survivors | Exsanguination | Early Collapse | Late Collapse | |||
| (n = 114) | (n = 24) | (n = 12) | (n = 8) | (n = 28) | ||
| Age (years) | 35.8 ± 16.4 | 32.8 ± 16.4 | 39.8 ± 16.3 | 52.6 ± 17.5 | 45.7 ± 23.0 | 0.039 |
| % male | 74.6% | 95.8% | 66.7% | 75.0% | 64.3% | 0.023 |
| % penetrating | 53.5% | 83.3% | 50.0% | 12.5% | 28.6% | <0.001 |
| AIS-head | 2.2 ± 2.0 | 1.7 ± 2.1 | 2.4 ± 2.3 | 3.3 ± 1.7 | 2.9 ± 2.3 | 0.440 |
| ISS | 26.0 ± 14.9 | 37.8 ± 19.5 | 31.4 ± 12.2 | 22.1 ± 11.4 | 35.9 ± 19.1 | 0.208 |
| GCS | 15 (11 – 15) | 4 (3 – 12) | 6 (3 – 14) | 11 (6 – 14) | 3 (3 – 5.5) | 0.035 |
| Temperature (C) | 35.8 ± 0.8 | 35.3 ± 1.6 | 35.6 ± 0.9 | 34.6 ± 2.1 | 35.3 ± 1.2 | 0.673 |
| HR (BPM) | 106.7 ± 28.5 | 93.8 ± 58.1 | 113.5 ± 30.4 | 105.4 ± 22.7 | 99.4 ± 36.6 | 0.623 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 104.0 ± 32.6 | 77.7 ± 44.7 | 94.9 ± 42.7 | 108.1 ± 38.1 | 124.2 ± 52.3 | 0.008 |
| pH | 7.25 ± 0.15 | 6.99 ± 0.20 | 7.05 ± 0.20 | 7.16 ± 0.15 | 7.23 ± 0.13 | <0.001 |
| Base deficit | −8.6 ± 5.3 | −18.1 ± 8.3 | −13.2 ± 6.2 | −14.4 ± 5.0 | −8.8 ± 6.0 | <0.001 |
| Hgb (g/dL) | 12.0 ± 2.3 | 10.9 ± 2.8 | 10.7 ± 1.6 | 10.5 ± 3.5 | 11.3 ± 2.0 | 0.817 |
| INR | 1.3 (1.1 – 1.5) | 1.9 (1.7 – 2.3) | 1.5 (1.2 – 3.0) | 1.8 (1.1 – 2.6) | 1.3 (1.2 – 1.6) | 0.018 |
| PT | 15.4 (14.3 – 17.5) | 20.7 (19.3 – 23.8) | 17.6 (16.2 – 30.4) | 20.8 (14.6 – 26.8) | 15.9 (14.9 – 19.7) | 0.121 |
| PTT | 28.4 (24.9 – 32.9) | 43.2 (39.0 – 60.9) | 41.2 (32.6 – 52.8) | 33.6 (27.4 – 78.5) | 38.7 (31.5 – 55.0) | 0.475 |
| Platelets×103 | 276 ± 93 | 171 ± 87 | 205 ± 100 | 158 ± 85 | 243 ± 111 | 0.072 |
| WBC103/mm3 | 11.0 (8.0 – 14.2) | 5.6 (5.0 – 8.4) | 8.6 (6.6 – 13.6) | 11.3 (9.2 – 14.7) | 9.7 (6.4 – 13.6) | 0.004 |
| Creatinine(mg/dL) | 1.0 (0.8 – 1.3) | 1.3 (1.2 – 1.4) | 1.4 (1.2 – 1.5) | 1.1 (0.8 – 1.3) | 1.0 (0.9 – 1.3) | 0.017 |
| Prehospital IVF (mL) | 250 (50 – 500) | 100 (0 – 750) | - | 100 (100 –100) | 150 (25 – 1400) | 0.892 |
| 24h crystalloid (mL) | 6.3 (4.4 – 10.1) | 3.0 (2 – 4.9) | 4.0 (2 – 7.5) | 16.0 (9 – 19.5) | 8.3 (4.1 – 11.4) | <0.001 |
| 24h colloid(mL) | 0 (0 – 0) | 0 (0 – 0) | 0 (0 – 0.5) | 0 (0 – 0.6) | 0 (0 – 0) | 0.141 |
| 24h PRBC(units) | 10 (6 – 17) | 18.5 (10 – 28.5) | 36.5 (19.5 – 65) | 23.5 (20 – 39) | 13 (8.5 – 19) | <0.001 |
| 24h FFP(units) | 8 (4 – 12) | 6.5 (3 – 13) | 25.0 (15 – 35.5) | 18.0 (14 – 23.5) | 10 (4.5 – 14) | <0.001 |
| 24h platelets (apheresis unit) | 1 (0 – 2) | 0 (0 – 0) | 3.5 (1 – 5) | 3 (2.5 – 4.5) | 1 (0 – 2) | <0.001 |
| % MT | 56.10% | 75.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 67.9% | 0.049 |
| 24h RBC:FFP ratio | 1.47 ± 0.86 | 2.97 ± 2.24 | 1.74 ± 0.63 | 1.50 ± 0.42 | 1.56 ± 0.73 | 0.004 |
| Minutes to MTP | 46.5 (26 – 103.5) | 19 (15 – 24) | 24 (14 – 47) | 21 (21 – 21) | 67 (35 – 93) | 0.002 |