Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to cardiorespiratory fitness in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, 1970–2001
| Characteristic | All (n=14811) | Cardiorespiratory Fitness
|
P for trend | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low (n=2117) | Moderate (n=5397) | High (n=7297) | |||
| Age, years | 43.0±10.5 | 42.9±10.1 | 42.8±10.4 | 43.1±10.7 | 0.36 |
| Body Mass Index, kg/m2 | 23.0±4.1 | 25.9±6.0 | 23.4±4.0 | 21.9±2.9 | <0.0001 |
| Maximal METs | 9.5±2.2 | 6.7±0.9 | 8.5±1.0 | 11.1±1.8 | <0.0001 |
| Treadmill time duration, minutes | 13.3±4.7 | 7.2±1.9 | 11.2±2.2 | 16.7±3.7 | <0.0001 |
| Lipids, mmol/L | |||||
| Total cholesterol | 5.20±1.07 | 5.40±1.04 | 5.28±1.04 | 5.08±1.08 | <0.0001 |
| HDL-C | 1.59±0.42 | 1.42±0.37 | 1.53±0.37 | 1.66±0.45 | <0.0001 |
| Triglycerides | 1.05±0.85 | 1.28±0.87 | 1.10±0.78 | 0.95±0.87 | <0.0001 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L | 5.27±4.68 | 5.41±1.10 | 5.23±0.75 | 5.27±6.51 | 0.42 |
| Blood pressure, mmHg | |||||
| Systolic | 113±15 | 117±16 | 113±14 | 111±14 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic | 75±10 | 78±10 | 76±10 | 75±9 | <0.0001 |
| Current smoker (%) | 1591(10.7) | 367(17.3) | 687(12.7) | 537(7.4) | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol drinker (≥ 5 drinks/week) (%) | 2844(19.2) | 424(20.0) | 1133(21.0) | 1287(17.6) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension* (%) | 1384(9.3) | 339(16.0) | 501(9.3) | 544(7.5) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes† (%) | 319(2.2) | 66(3.1) | 106(2.0) | 147(2.0) | 0.004 |
| Cardiovascular disease‡ (%) | 63(0.4) | 17(0.8) | 23(0.4) | 23(0.3) | 0.01 |
| Oral contraceptive use (%) | 3908(26.4) | 347(16.4) | 1356(25.1) | 2205(30.2) | <0.0001 |
| Estrogen use (%) | 2832(19.1) | 371(17.5) | 1041(19.3) | 1420(19.5) | 0.13 |
| Family history of breast cancer (%) | 331(2.2) | 18(0.9) | 85(1.6) | 228(3.1) | <0.0001 |
| Abnormal exercise ECG (%) | 683(4.6) | 133(6.3) | 237(4.4) | 313(4.3) | 0.0004 |
Data shown as Means ± SD unless specified otherwise.
METs= maximal metabolic equivalents achieved during the treadmill test; HDL- C= high density lipoprotein cholesterol; ECG= Electrocardiogram.
*
Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure≥130 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mm Hg, or history of physician-diagnosed hypertension
†
Diabetes was defined as glucose≥126 mg/dL or history of physician-diagnosed diabetes
‡
Cardiovascular disease was defined as history of physician-diagnosed myocardial infarction or stroke