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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Sep 16.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2013 Apr;11(4):217–224.

Figure 1. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.9.

Figure 1

4EBP1=4E–binding protein 1; AMPK=adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; ASK1=apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1; ATP=adenosine-5’-triphosphate; BAD=BCL2-associated agonist of cell death; eEF2K= eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase; eIF4B=eukaryotic initiation factor 4B; eIF4E=eukaryotic initiation factor 4E; FKBP12=FK506-binding protein, 12 kD; FOXO=forkhead box O1; GDP=guanosine diphosphate; GSK3=glycogen synthase kinase 3; GTP=guanosine-5’-triphosphate; IRS1=insulin receptor substrate 1; mLST8=mTOR-associated protein, LST8 homolog; mTOR=mammalian target of rapamycin; mTORC1=mTOR complex 1; mTORC2=mTOR complex 2; PDCD4=programmed cell death 4; PDK1=phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1; PI3K=phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PIP2=phosphatidylinositol (4,5) biphosphate; PIP3=phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5) triphosphate; PRAS40=proline-rich Akt substrate 40; PTEN=phosphatase and tensin homolog; Rheb=Ras homolog enriched in brain; S6=ribosomal protein S6; S6K=ribosomal protein S6 kinase; SIN1=stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase associated protein 1; TSC1=tuberous sclerosis complex 1; TSC2=tuberous sclerosis complex 2. Reprinted from McAuliffe PF et al. Deciphering the role of PI3K/Akt/ mTOR pathway in breast cancer biology and pathogenesis.