Fig. 2.

c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK) activation mediates OS-induced TJ disruption. A: at varying times after incubation with hyperosmotic buffer (600 mosM), cell extracts were immunoblotted for different proteins. B: cell monolayers after 60-min incubation, with or without OS, were fixed and stained for phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK) by immunofluorescence method. C: cell monolayers were incubated with (solid symbols) or without (open symbols) SP (1 μM) for 1 h, followed by incubation with (circles) or without (squares) hyperosmotic buffer. Inulin permeability was measured. Values are means ± SE (n = 6). *Significantly (P < 0.05) different from corresponding control values. #Significantly (P < 0.05) different from corresponding values for OS group. D: cell monolayers, untreated and SP treated, were incubated with or without (control) OS for 1 h. Cell monolayers were fixed and stained for occludin and zona occluden (ZO)-1.