Figure 4.

Zooplankton diversity in experimental mesocosms and natural ponds. (a) Zooplankton diversity with (filled circles) and without (open circles) marbled salamanders in experimental mesocosms versus the evolutionary history of marbled salamander predation for each spotted salamander population. Each symbol indicates the mean (±s.e.m.) fitted value for each spotted salamander population. (b) Zooplankton diversity in relation to predation risk from marbled salamanders in natural ponds, after statistically controlling for marbled salamander densities at the time of sampling. Partial residuals of significant multiple regression are plotted. (Online version in colour.)