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FRI pleiotropically affects WUE, GRla and FT. (a) The conceptual model demonstrates the mechanism of pleiotropy, upstream variation in gas exchange causes subsequent changes in GRla and FT. (b) FRI-NILs show reduced gas exchange compared with WT Col-0. (c) FRI-NILs have increased WUE and reduced GRla compared with WT Col-0. (d) Transgenic overexpression lines show the same pattern as the FRI-NIL. Least square means ± s.e. are presented in (b–d).
