Down-regulating PTEN selectively blocks MAG-induced repulsion.
A, Xenopus growth cones immunostained for Akt substrate phosphorylation (pAkt sub) under control conditions, with PTEN-MO alone and PTEN-MO plus wild-type rescue (PTEN-MO + WT). Scale bar, 5 μm. B, quantification of relative Akt substrate phosphorylation immunofluorescence normalized to the control condition. C and D, example images and summary plots depict the final position of wild-type and PTEN-MO growth cones relative to the starting position (origin) after 30 min of exposure to a gradient (arrows) of MAG (C) or BDNF (D). Scale bar, 10 μm. Asterisks denote growth outside of the plot. E, cumulative distribution of growth cone turning angles in response to a gradient of medium (Control), MAG, or BDNF either alone or with PTEN-MO and PTEN-MO plus wild-type PTEN (MO + WT). F, mean turning angles and growth rates from all experiments. All data are expressed as mean ± S.E. (n = number associated with each bar; *, p < 0.05; NS, no significant difference, t test (B) and Mann-Whitney U test (F)).