Normal endothelial cell differentiation in dHAND-null embryos. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis of wild-type (+/+) and dHAND-null (–/–) embryos using primers specific to the endothelial cell markers Flk-1, Tie1, Tie2, Flt-1, and VEGF revealed equal levels of expression suggesting normal differentiation and quantity of endothelial cells in dHAND mutants. Similarly, the mesenchymal marker, Ang-1, was unaffected in dHAND mutants, as were the transcription factors MEF2C and ARNT. GAPDH expression indicates equal RNA loading.