Figure 6. Tuning of non-thalamic excitatory F1 modulation.

a, Example cell: Top, EPSC_Sub in response to drifting gratings of various orientations. Gray rectangle, visual stimulus (1.5 s). Blue bar, LED illumination (2.6 s). Bottom, F1 modulation of EPSC_Sub. Cycle average (black) and best-fitting sinusoid (green) at the grating temporal frequency (2 Hz). b, Orientation tuning curves of Q_Sub (dashed curve) and F1_Sub (solid curve) for the example cell in a. c, Population tuning curve of Q_Sub (dashed curve) and F1_Sub (solid curve). Left, Population tuning curves in which Q_Sub and F1_Sub tuning curves for each cell were equally shifted so that the preferred direction of Q_sub occurred at 0 degrees (Q_sub reference). Right, Population tuning curves in which Q_Sub and F1_Sub tuning curves for each cell were independently shifted so that preferred direction of Q_Sub and F1_Sub both occurred at 0 degrees (self reference). d, OSI of F1_Sub is plotted against OSI of Q_Sub for all neurons. e, Distribution of absolute differences in preferred orientation (ΔPref Ori) between Q_Sub and F1_Sub. Dark curve, all cells (n = 42). Gray curve, cells in the top 50^th percentile of F1_Sub OSI (n = 21). f–g, Same as (d–e) for DSI and absolute differences in preferred direction (ΔPref Dir). Filled green markers in d and f denote the OSI and DSI values of the example cell. Data in c–g are from n = 42 cells from 33 mice. Error bars, mean ± s.e.m.