Table 3.
Significantly enriched GO categories for downregulated genes
| Copper Concentration, μM |
||
|---|---|---|
| 400 | 600 | |
| 4 h exposure | ||
| Spliceosomal snRNP biogenesis (2) | ||
| DNA repair (7) | ||
| Response to stress (14) | ||
| 8 h exposure | ||
| Hemoglobin binding (2)* | Hemoglobin binding (2)* | |
| Polysaccharide biosynthesis (2)* | Oligosaccharide biosynthesis (2)* | |
| Negative regulation of the Wnt receptor signaling pathway (2) | Acylglycerol biosynthesis (2) | |
| Cell cycle checkpoint (7) | ||
| Centrosome duplication (2) | ||
| DNA repair (17) | ||
| DNA replication (14) | ||
| Establishment of chromosome localization (2) | ||
| G2 phase of the mitotic cell cycle (2) | ||
| Phosphoinositide-mediated signaling (8) | ||
| Response to stress (30) | ||
| rRNA binding (3) | ||
| tRNA modification (2) | ||
| 12 h exposure | ||
| Cellular lipid metabolism (12)* | Cellular lipid metabolism (58)* | |
| Bile acid catabolism (2) | Lipid transport (8)* | |
| Cholesterol binding (2) | Lipoprotein metabolism (6)* | |
| Cholesterol metabolism (4) | Acyl-CoA binding (3) | |
| Hemoglobin binding (2) | Alcohol metabolism (19) | |
| Platelet activation (2) | Amine metabolism (26) | |
| Regulation of body fluids (4) | Chromatin assembly (6) | |
| Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity (5) | Creatine biosynthesis (2) | |
| Wound healing (4) | Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis (2) | |
| Hydrolase activity (45) | ||
| Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor activity (2) | ||
| Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel activity (2) | ||
| Mammary gland development (2) | ||
| Nitrogen compound metabolism (29) | ||
| Organic acid metabolism (39) | ||
| Oxidoreductase activity (33) | ||
| Response to endogenous stimulus (15) | ||
| Response to stress (27) | ||
| Ubiquinone biosynthesis (3) | ||
| 24 h exposure | ||
| Blood pressure regulation (3)* | Blood pressure regulation (5)* | |
| Cholesterol metabolism (4)* | Cholesterol biosynthesis (6)* | |
| Coagulation (5)* | Coagulation (11)* | |
| Lipid transport (5)* | Lipid transport (13)* | |
| Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity (5)* | Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity (12)* | |
| Steroid biosynthesis (4)* | Cellular lipid metabolism (57)* | |
| Lipoprotein metabolism (5) | Alcohol metabolism (28) | |
| Bile acid catabolism (2) | B cell-mediated immunity (7) | |
| Hemoglobin binding (2) | Complement activation (7) | |
| Lipid binding (9) | Creatine biosynthesis (2) | |
| Cytolysis (4) | ||
| Hormone metabolism (10) | ||
| Lipid transporter activity (13) | ||
| Nickel ion binding (2) | ||
| Oxidoreductase activity (52) | ||
| Positive regulation of immune response (7) | ||
| Serine-type peptidase activity (14) | ||
| Xenobiotic metabolism (5) | ||
Shown are Gene Ontology (GO) categories with P ≤ 0.005. Responsive genes were 2-fold downregulated with FDR P ≤ 0.05. Numbers in parentheses are numbers of genes in the GO category.
*
Common GO categories between two or more copper concentrations. snRNP, small nuclear ribonucleoprotein.