Table 3.
Effect of Sex, Dementia, Depression, and Calendar Date on Parameters of the Daily Rhythms of Cerebral Cortical PER2, PER3, and ARNTL1 Expression
| Gene | Predictor | Effect On | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PER2 | Male vs. Female | Amplitude | −0.01 [−0.08,+0.07] p=0.88 | −0.01 [−0.10,+0.07] p=0.76 | +0.01 [−0.06,+0.09] p=0.70 |
| Acrophase | +6.8 [+2.9,+10.8] p=0.002 | +6.2 [+2.6,+9.8] p<0.001 | +5.9 [+2.3,+9.6] p=0.001 | ||
| Dementia vs. No Dementia | Amplitude | +0.02 [−0.07,+0.10] p=0.73 | |||
| Acrophase | +0.7 [−3.2,+4.5] p=0.73 | ||||
| # Depressive Symptoms | Amplitude | −0.06 [−0.02,+0.02] p=0.65 | |||
| Acrophase | −0.2 [−1.2,+0.8] p=0.65 | ||||
| Summer vs. Winter | Amplitude | +0.06 [−0.05,+0.17] p=0.28 | |||
| Acrophase | −0.6 [−6.7,+5.6] p=0.86 | ||||
| Daylight vs. Standard Time | Amplitude | −0.05 [−0.16,+0.06] p=0.34 | |||
| Acrophase | +3.7 [−2.4,+9.8] p=0.22 | ||||
| PER3 | Male vs. Female | Amplitude | +0.01 [−0.03,+0.05] p=0.65 | −0.007 [−0.05,+0.03] p=0.72 | −0.01 [−0.04,+0.04] p=0.55 |
| Acrophase | +5.5 [+1.3,+9.8] p=0.001 | +3.2 [+0.0,+6.5] p=0.047 | +6.9 [+3.5,+10.3] p<0.001 | ||
| Dementia vs. No Dementia | Amplitude | −0.005 [−0.05,+0.04] p=0.84 | |||
| Acrophase | +4.3 [+0.7,+7.9] p=0.02 | ||||
| # Depressive Symptoms | Amplitude | −0.005 [−0.01,+0.01] p=0.84 | |||
| Acrophase | +0.1 [−0.7,+1.0] p=0.78 | ||||
| Summer vs. Winter | Amplitude | +0.02 [−0.03,+0.08] p=0.35 | |||
| Acrophase | +6.9 [+1.2,+12.6] p=0.02 | ||||
| Daylight vs. Standard Time | Amplitude | −0.02 [−0.08,+0.03] p=0.44 | |||
| Acrophase | −4.5 [−10.1,+1.1] p=0.11 | ||||
| ARNTL1 | Male vs. Female | Amplitude | −0.01 [−0.07,+0.05] p=0.70 | +0.02 [−0.04,+0.09] p=0.47 | −0.01 [−0.07,+0.05] p=0.84 |
| Acrophase | +4.7 [+1.2,+8.1] p=0.007 | +3.9 [+0.2,+7.6] p=0.033 | +4.4 [+1.1,+7.8] p=0.008 | ||
| Dementia vs. No Dementia | Amplitude | +0.01 [−0.06,+0.08] p=0.76 | |||
| Acrophase | +0.3 [−3.6,+4.2] p=0.86 | ||||
| # Depressive Symptoms | Amplitude | −0.004 [−0.02,+0.01] p=0.59 | |||
| Acrophase | +0.9 [+0.0,+1.7] p=0.04 | ||||
| Summer vs. Winter | Amplitude | −0.03 [−0.11,+0.06] p=0.53 | |||
| Acrophase | +1.9 [−3.7,+7.4] p=0.69 | ||||
| Daylight vs. Standard Time | Amplitude | +0.01 [−0.07,+0.09] p=0.79 | |||
| Acrophase | −1.1 [−6.6,+4.4] p=0.69 |
Effect Estimate [95% confidence interval] p-value. Effects on acrophase timing expressed in hours. Effects on amplitude expressed in units of relative gene expression as described in the methods. Effects significant at a threshold of p<0.05 are indicated in boldface. All models adjusted for age at death and delay between time of death and time of tissue retrieval.