Table 1.
Variablesa | No cognitive dysfunctionb (n = 160) | Cognitive dysfunctionb (n = 21) | p valuec | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 77.8 ± 2.2 | 79.1 ± 2.2 | 0.01 | |
Age (year) | <80 | 126 (78.7) | 11 (52.4) | <0.01 |
≥80 | 34 (21.3) | 10 (47.6) | ||
Body mass index | 24.2 ± 3.3 | 24.2 ± 2.9 | 0.99 | |
Body mass index at 7 years | 24.3 ± 3.6 | 22.8 ± 3.6 | 0.07 | |
MMSE scores at 7 years | 28.4 ± 1.4 | 22.5 ± 3.3 | <0.01 | |
Certificate of graduation | Graduate | 146 (91.2) | 18 (85.7) | 0.41 |
Less than graduate | 14 (8.8) | 3 (14.3) | ||
Physically active | Yes | 57 (35.8) | 6 (28.6) | 0.51 |
No | 102 (64.2) | 15 (71.4) | ||
Gait speed (m s−1) | >0.8 | 121 (75.6) | 11 (52.4) | 0.02 |
≤0.8 | 39 (24.4) | 10 (47.6) | ||
Tertiles of percent change in the MMI (%) | −37.3 to −9.1 | 51 (83.6) | 10 (16.4) | 0.34 |
−9.2 to −3.9 | 54 (90.0) | 6 (10.0) | ||
−3.8 to 19.4 | 55 (91.7) | 5 (8.3) | ||
Tertiles of percent change in the FMI (%) | −71.5 to −9.8 | 51 (83.6) | 10 (16.4) | 0.34 |
−9.5 to 3.6 | 54 (90.0) | 6 (10.0) | ||
3.8 to 144.5 | 55 (91.7) | 5 (8.3) | ||
Difference in body mass index | 0.2 ± 1.7 | −1.0 ± 2.2 | <0.01 |
MMI muscle mass index (in kilograms/squared height), FMI fat mass index (in kilograms/squared height), MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination (score over 30). Italics represent a statistical significant difference
aAge, body mass index (in kilograms/squared height), certificate of graduation, physically active, and gait speed are baseline characteristics
bResults are presented as number (percentage) or mean ± standard deviation
cBased on Student's or chi-square statistics or nonparametric tests as appropriate