Figure 5.

(a) Vertically spread double-pass image of the PSF of a patient with dysphotopsia post-toric pIOL despite UDVA of 6/9. (b) The doublepass (OQAS) values at different levels of contrast and visual acuity chart show poor optical quality. (C) Corresponding high values for corneal aberrations, specifically vertical coma (nZ3,mZ_1), seen in the pyramidal representation of the Zernike analysis (c/deg=cycles per degree;HOA=higher-order aberration; LOA=lower-order aberration; MTF=modulation transfer function; OQAS=Optical quality Analysis System; OSI = optical scatter index; RMS = root mean square).