Table 4b.
Parity 0
|
Parity 1
|
Parity 2
|
Parity 3+
|
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Controls | Controls + attitudes | Controls | Controls + attitudes | Controls | Controls + attitudes | Controls | Controls + attitudes | |
|
|
|
|
|||||
Ethnicity and Nativity (Reference = NH White) | ||||||||
Hispanic, native-born | 0.230 | 0.193 | 0.449^ | 0.549* | 0.471 | 0.453 | −0.232 | −0.204 |
Hispanic, foreign-born | 0.475* | 0.213 | 0.697** | 0.671** | 0.658* | 0.540^ | −0.055 | −0.004 |
Control Variables | ||||||||
Age | −0.141** | −0.146** | −0.121** | −0.118** | −0.165** | −0.166** | −0.134** | −0.133** |
Years of Education | 0.127** | 0.147** | 0.090** | 0.070* | −0.003 | 0.000 | 0.006 | −0.002 |
Income (Reference = $75,000+) | ||||||||
Less than $25,000 | −0.111 | −0.061 | −0.110 | −0.041 | 0.183 | 0.133 | 0.698 | 0.721 |
$25,000–$49,999 | 0.192 | 0.214 | 0.072 | 0.096 | −0.152 | −0.177 | 0.480 | 0.486 |
$50,000−74,999 | 0.289^ | 0.368* | 0.049 | 0.041 | −0.128 | −0.144 | 0.078 | 0.060 |
Religion raised (Reference = Protestant) | ||||||||
No religion | −0.303* | −0.105 | −0.364 | −0.409 | 0.621^ | 0.622^ | −0.343 | −0.346 |
Catholic | 0.290* | 0.267* | 0.187 | 0.175 | 0.346 | 0.316 | 0.261 | 0.288 |
Other religion | 0.138 | 0.156 | −0.426 | −0.486 | 0.212 | 0.179 | 0.740 | 0.771 |
Social value of children | ||||||||
Rewards worth costs1 | – | 0.896** | – | 0.680** | – | 0.003 | – | 0.137 |
Cannot be happy2 | – | 0.698** | – | 0.075 | – | 0.238^ | – | −0.127 |
N | 3,500 | 3,500 | 843 | 843 | 744 | 744 | 553 | 553 |
p < 0.01;
p < 0.05;
p < 0.10 two tailed
“The rewards of being a parent are worth it, despite the cost and the work it takes.” (1) strongly disagree, (2) disagree, (3) agree, or (4) strongly agree.
“People can’t be happy unless they have children.” (1) strongly disagree, (2) disagree, (3) agree, or (4) strongly agree.