fgf2 mRNA rescues KV morphogenesis and cilia number, but not cilia length, in sdc2 morphants. (A-C) Co-injection of sdc2 AUG MO and fgf2 mRNA rescued KV morphology (labeled with anti-ζPKC antibody). (D-H) Among rescued KV, cilia number in sdc2 morphants was partially rescued by fgf2 mRNA co-injection, but cilia length was not rescued (wild type: seven embryos, 444 cilia; sdc2 morphants + fgf2 mRNA: eight embryos, 416 cilia; compare with sdc2 morphants alone, Fig. 3E,F). *P<0.001 (Student’s t-test). Error bars indicate s.e.m. (I) Proposed genetic pathway by which Sdc2 controls KV morphogenesis and ciliogenesis. DFC-expressed Sdc2 is required for tbx16 expression, which in turn regulates fgf2-dependent KV morphogenesis and fgf2-independent ciliogenesis.