Table 3.

Effects of PIO treatment on MetS monkeys.

	Baseline (n = 12)	6 weeks PIO (n = 12)	6 weeks washout (n = 12)	p1	p2
SBP (mmHg)	140.00 ± 8.33	145.33 ± 6.09	146.67 ± 5.48	NS	NS
DBP (mmHg)	88.33 ± 6.61	76.00 ± 4.53	79.50 ± 4.39	NS	NS
MAP (mmHg)	105.56 ± 6.09	99.11 ± 3.77	101.89 ± 3.88	NS	NS
BW (kg)	16.86 ± 0.98	16.94 ± 0.97	17.31 ± 0.98	NS	<0.001
TG (mmol/L)	0.75 ± 0.11	0.54 ± 0.07	0.67 ± 0.11	0.004	0.061
HDL-c (mmol/L)	1.76 ± 0.07	1.92 ± 0.07	1.68 ± 0.07	0.071	0.006
LDL-c (mmol/L)	1.13 ± 0.05	1.18 ± 0.05	1.14 ± 0.06	NS	NS
TC (mmol/L)	3.15 ± 0.11	3.25 ± 0.09	3.12 ± 0.10	NS	NS
FPG (mmol/L)	3.63 ± 0.10	3.58 ± 0.13	3.83 ± 0.12	NS	0.051
Fasting Insulin (μU/mL)	56.57 ± 19.54	25.56 ± 4.76	46.67 ± 12.95	0.069	0.042
HOMA-IR	8.89 ± 2.97	3.95 ± 0.70	7.13 ± 1.95	0.052	0.043
HbA1c (%)	5.49 ± 0.08	5.16 ± 0.08	5.54 ± 0.09	0.001	0.007

SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; BW, body weight; TG, triglyceride; HDL-c, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-c, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; TC, total cholesterol; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c. PIO, pioglitazone; MetS, metabolic syndrome; p1, 6 weeks PIO vs. baseline; p2, 6 weeks PIO vs. washout; NS, p>0.1.