Table 2.

Coding criteria for setting of behavior measure, from greater to lesser directness, with regression codes

Behavior setting characteristic	Class	Coding criteria	Regression code
Outgroup presence	Yes	Outgroup member present during measurement, can be experimenter, confederate, fellow participant, or target	3
	Maybe	Outgroup member in (or said to be in) next room during measurement	2
	No	No outgroup member present during measurement	1
Time	Present	Behavior measured during study	3
	Present and future	Behavior measured during study, but includes commitments to later behavior, if ramifications	2
	Past	Participants asked about past voluntary behavior toward outgroup	1
	Future	Commitment to later behavior, with ramifications	0
Abstraction	Concrete	An actual person or real, fully described policy given during measurement	4
	Fairly concrete	A fictional person or policy, many details given	3
	Somewhat concrete	A fictional person or policy loosely realized, few details given	2
	Abstract	Behavior target is outgroup in general	1