Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of New-Users of Diabetic Medical Therapy
| Characteristica | HIV-Infected Patients (n = 286) | HIV-Uninfected Patients (n = 858) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age category | |||
| <35 | 9 (3.2) | 27 (3.2) | N/Ab |
| ≥35 to <45 | 100 (35.0) | 300 (35.0) | |
| ≥45 to <55 | 119 (41.6) | 357 (41.6) | |
| ≥55 to <65 | 47 (16.4) | 141 (16.4) | |
| ≥65 | 11 (3.8) | 33 (3.8) | |
|
| |||
| Female sex | 48 (16.8) | 144 (16.8) | N/Ab |
|
| |||
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | 127 (44.4) | 405 (47.2) | <0.001 |
| Black | 93 (32.5) | 362 (42.2) | |
| Hispanic | 50 (17.5) | 56 (6.5) | |
| Other c | 16 (5.6) | 35 (4.1) | |
|
| |||
| Mean BMI (SD), kg/m2 | 29.7 (6.5) | 33.2 (7.5) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Obesityd | 118 (41.5) | 511 (62.2) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Hepatitis C infection | 35 (12.2) | 30 (3.5) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Major psychiatric disordere | 44 (15.4) | 116 (13.5) | 0.43 |
|
| |||
| Alcohol abusee | 38 (14.2) | 48 (5.6) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Substance abusee | 40 (14.9) | 91 (10.6) | 0.05 |
|
| |||
| Mean baseline HbA1c (SD), % | 7.8 (2.3) | 8.6 (2.4) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Initial medication class | |||
| Sulfonylurea | 72 (25.2) | 193 (22.5) | 0.11 |
| Metformin | 144 (50.4) | 495 (57.6) | |
| Thiazolidinedione | 38 (13.3) | 89 (10.4) | |
| Combination oral medications | 19 (6.6) | 60 (7.0) | |
| Insulin | 13 (4.5) | 21 (2.5) | |
|
| |||
| Initial combination oral therapy | 19 (6.6) | 60 (7.0) | 0.84 |
|
| |||
| Metformin as initial therapy | 144 (50.4) | 495 (57.6) | 0.03 |
|
| |||
| Median medication start year (IQR) | 2006 (2004, 2008) | 2005 (2003, 2007) | 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Medication intensification | 17 (5.9) | 46 (5.4) | 0.71 |
|
| |||
| HIV-transmission risk factorf | |||
| MSM | 147 (51.4) | N/A | |
| IDU | 24 (8.4) | ||
| MSM and IDU | 20 (7.0) | ||
| Heterosexual | 68 (23.8) | ||
| Other | 8 (2.8) | ||
| Unknown | 19 (6.6) | ||
|
| |||
| Mean CD4+ T-cell count (SD), cells/μL | 467 (305) | N/A | |
|
| |||
| CD4+ T-cell count <200 cells/μL | 55 (19.2) | N/A | |
|
| |||
| Undetectable HIV RNA level | 151 (52.8) | N/A | |
|
| |||
| Antiretroviral therapy regimeng | |||
|
| |||
| PI-based | 151 (52.9) | N/A | |
| Non-PI-based | 123 (42.9) | ||
Abbreviations: N/A, not applicable; BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; IQR, interquartile range; MSM, men who have sex with men; IDU, injection drug use; PI, protease inhibitor.
Data are presented as numbers (percentages), except where otherwise noted.
Subjects without HIV infection were matched to those with HIV infection on age and sex in a 3:1 ratio.
Self-identified as “other” race/ethnicity.
Defined as a BMI ≥30 kg/m2.
Data were not available from the Case Western Reserve University CNICS site (n=18 subjects).
As per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) HIV surveillance system.
12 (4.2%) of HIV-infected patients were not on antiretroviral therapy at the time of diabetic medication initiation.