Table 5. Birth, graduation, residency completion, and estimated US entry years among Sub-Saharan African-trained medical graduates (SSA-IMGs) appearing in the US physician workforce in 2011.
| Countries of Training (Top 12) | SSA-IMGs age ≤70 | Mean Year of Birth (SD) | Mean Year of Graduation (SD) | Mean Year of Residency Completion (SD) | Estimated Mean Year at US Entry (SD) | Mean Age (SD) in 2013 | Mean Age (SD) at Graduation | Estimated Mean Age (SD) at US Entry | Mean Length of Time in US (SD) |
| South Africa | 1,577 | 1956 (9.4) | 1980 (9.4) | 1991.8 (10.3) | 1986.8 (10.3) | 57 (9.4) | 24.1 (1.6) | 29.1 (4.7) | 26.2 (10.3) |
| Uganda | 139 | 1956.9 (12.4) | 1982.1 (12.3) | 1992.5 (13.4) | 1987.5 (13.4) | 56.2 (12.4) | 25.3 (1.5) | 29.8 (4.2) | 25.5 (13.5) |
| Zambia | 81 | 1960.6 (8) | 1986.4 (7.9) | 1995.6 (9.3) | 1990.6 (9.3) | 52.4 (8) | 25.8 (2.2) | 30.2 (4.4) | 22.4 (9.4) |
| Tanzania | 24 | 1959.6 (9.4) | 1984.8 (9.3) | 1997.6 (10.3) | 1992.6 (10.3) | 53.8 (9.4) | 25.5 (1.3) | 33 (6.0) | 20.4 (10.6) |
| Liberia | 56 | 1957 (4.6) | 1984.7 (4.7) | 1998.5 (6.7) | 1993.5 (6.7) | 56 (4.6) | 27.7 (2.6) | 36.4 (6.7) | 19.5 (6.8) |
| Zimbabwe | 108 | 1964.5 (10.2) | 1989.2 (9.6) | 2000.3 (9.5) | 1995.3 (9.5) | 48.6 (10.2) | 24.8 (2.3) | 29.8 (4.4) | 17.7 (9.5) |
| Kenya | 173 | 1964.6 (10) | 1990.1 (10.4) | 2000.4 (10.7) | 1995.5 (10.7) | 47.4 (10.2) | 25.5 (1.2) | 31.1 (5.1) | 17.6 (10.8) |
| Ghana | 721 | 1963.6 (9) | 1990.7 (9.4) | 2000.5 (8.8) | 1995.5 (8.8) | 49.4 (9) | 27.1 (1.6) | 31.8 (3.8) | 17.5 (8.8) |
| Nigeria | 3,252 | 1965.3 (7.6) | 1990.2 (7.7) | 2002.3 (7.3) | 1997.3 (7.3) | 47.7 (7.7) | 24.8 (2.3) | 31.9 (4.9) | 15.7 (7.3) |
| Ethiopia | 530 | 1965.8 (8) | 1991 (7.6) | 2004 (7.4) | 1999.0 (7.4) | 47.1 (8) | 25.1 (1.9) | 33.1 (4.7) | 14.0 (7.4) |
| Cameroon | 63 | 1967.2 (8.6) | 1993.3 (8.5) | 2005.2 (6.4) | 2000.2 (6.4) | 45.7 (8.6) | 26.0 (1.4) | 32.8 (4.6) | 12.8 (6.5) |
| Sudan | 328 | 1967.8 (7.9) | 1993 (8) | 2005.3 (6.2) | 2000.3 (6.2) | 45.1 (8) | 25.1 (1.8) | 32.7 (5.2) | 12.7 (6.2) |
| Other (n = 16)a | 78 | 1962.5 (7.7) | 1990.6 (8.6) | 2004.3 (3.8) | 1999.3 (3.8) | 50.6 (8.2) | 28.1 (4.7) | 36.2 (6.5) | 13.7 (6.2) |
| Total | 7,130 | 1962.9 (9.4) | 1987.9 (9.6) | 2000.1 (9.4) | 1995.1 (9.4) | 50.1 (9.4) | 25.0 (2.2) | 31.5 (5.0) | 17.9 (9.4) |
Data source: American Medical Association [115].
Sub-Saharan African countries with <15 SSA-IMGs each in the 2011 AMA Physician Masterfile.
Note: Residency completion data were available for only 6,421 SSA-IMGs age ≤70. Given that the American Medical Association does not collect data on residency admission date, year of US entry was estimated by subtracting 5 y from residency completion year. Among SSA-IMGs still in residency at the time (n = 439), the 5-y lag was adjusted proportionally to the anticipated year of residency completion. Estimates were readjusted upward for those SSA-IMGs whose estimated year of entry in the US preceded their graduation year. For example, year of US entry for a Nigerian-trained physician who graduated from medical school in 2008 and was expected to complete residency in 2012, was readjusted from 2007 (i.e., 2012 minus 5 y) to 2008 (year of graduation). Estimates were readjusted downward for those SSA-IMGs whose estimated US entry year was above 2011.