Figure 5. Phosphorylation levels of CREB (p-CREB) were decreased in rhodopsin-over-expressed NHEKs.

NHEKs were transfected with a pcDNA3.1 empty vector (empty) or pcDNA3.1-rhodopsin plasmid (Rho). Next, the cells were irradiated with 410 nm, 500 nm, or 590 nm wavelength light for 10 min or 60 min. Cell lysates were analyzed by Western blot analysis. The representative images show the expression level of total CREB, p-CREB, and p-ATF-1 in NHEKs at 10 min (A) and 60 min (C). A statistical plot of the data displays the ratio of p-CREB/total CREB at 10 min (B) and 60 min (D), which is presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 3). *p<0.05 versus control empty vector and #p<0.05 versus 410 nm irradiated empty vector.