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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Sep 17.
Published in final edited form as: West J Nurs Res. 2010 Dec 3;34(1):97–117. doi: 10.1177/0193945910388948

Table 2.

Associations of Severity of Depressive Symptoms with Socio-Demographic, Health and Behavioral Characteristics

Depressive Symptoms
Characteristics Mean Standard Deviation P-Valuea
Gender: .129
 Male 17.6 12.1
 Female 21.0 12.7
Age: .391
 15–20 17.4 12.4
 21–23 18.4 12.0
 24–25 21.0 12.5
Race/Ethnicity: .615
 White 19.5 12.2
 African-American 15.3 10.0
 Hispanic 16.5 10.7
 Mixed 19.6 13.5
 Other 19.1 16.5
Education: .683
 High School/GED 18.2 11.9
 < 12 years 19.0 13.0
Intimate Partner: .056
 Yes 20.8 13.3
 No 17.0 11.3
Chronically Homeless: .341
 Yes 19.5 12.8
 No 17.6 11.7
Physical Health: .001
 Excellent/Very Good 15.1 12.02
 Good 19.4 11.4
 Fair/Poor 25.8 11.5
Person of Faith .074
 Yes 16.9 11.0
 No 20.4 13.6
Foster Care History: .107
 Yes 21.1 13.5
 No 17.5 11.7
16.6 11.1
Primary Support: .051
 Drug/Alc Users 22.0 12.8
 Non-Users 16.2 13.3
 Both Equally 16.6 11.1
 No Support 15.7 10.9
Incarceration History: .222
 Yes 19.4 12.4
 No 16.8 12.0
Smoker: .791
 Yes 18.7 12.3
 No 18.0 12.3
Binge Drinking .580
 Yes 19.0 12.1
 No 17.8 12.7
Recentb Crack Use .016
 Yes 24.9 10.7
 No 17.7 12.3
Recentb Cocaine Use: .131
 Yes 21.2 13.0
 No 17.7 12.0
Recent Methamphetamine Use: .070
 Yes 21.1 12.2
 No 17.3 12.2
Recent Hallucinogen Use .314
 Yes 17.2 12.3
 No 19.2 12.3
Recent Tranquilizer Use: .004
 Yes 26.9 11.7
 No 17.6 12.0
Recentb Injection Use: .138
 Yes 21.9 12.8
 No 17.9 12.1
≥ 5 Recentb Partners: .165
 Yes 21.5 11.5
 No 17.9 12.4
≥ 20 Lifetime Partners .079
 Yes 21.4 10.5
 No 17.5 12.8
Traded Sex for Money: .521
 Yes 20.2 11.0
 No 18.3 12.6
a

Based on two-sample t tests or analysis of variance

b

Past 6 months