(A) TNFα 30-ng/ml lowered the threshold for current- induced action-potentials [n=7, t (6)=3.34, p<0.05]. (B) In the presence of α-helical CRF, TNFα 30-ng/ml continued to lower the threshold current for initiating action-potentials [t (9)=2.57, n=10, p<0.05]. (C) TNFα 30-ng/ml increased in the amplitude of mEPSCs [t (7)=4.67, n=8, p<0.01]. (D) In the presence of α-helical CRF, TNFα 30-ng/ml continued to increase the amplitude of mEPSCs [t (7)=3.07, n=8, p<0.05].