Table 3.
Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) in the model associating pregnancy-related outcomes and IPV forms (any IPV)
| Pregnancy outcomes | Perpetrator only | Victim only | Reciprocal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Any IPV | |||
| PTB (< 37 weeks) | 0.74 (0.36, 1.53) | 1.52 (0.68, 3.36) | 1.40 (0.87, 2.23) |
| VPTB (< 34 weeks) | 0.61 (0.13, 2.76) | 2.93 (0.90, 9.54) | 2.06 (0.92, 4.58) |
| LBW (< 2,500 grams) | 0.89 (0.44, 1.72) | 2.21 (1.04, 4.72) | 1.07 (0.49, 1.48) |
| VLBW (< 1,500 grams) | NE a | 4.54 (1.06, 19.44) | 1.72 (0.51, 5.81) |
| SGA | 0.87 (0.49, 1.56) | 1.85 (0.92, 3.72) | 0.62 (0.38, 1.00) |
| Minor IPV | |||
| PTB (< 37 weeks) | 0.89 (0.46, 1.75) | 1.64 (0.76, 3.55) | 1.33 (0.82, 2.15) |
| VPTB (< 34 weeks) | 0.61 (0.13, 2.76) | 3.66 (1.22, 10.97) | 2.01 (0.89, 4.56) |
| LBW (< 2,500 grams) | 1.02 (0.53, 1.94) | 1.83 (0.84, 3.98) | 0.96 (0.57, 1.61) |
| VLBW (< 1,500 grams) | NE a | 4.24 (0.98, 18.30) | 1.87 (0.55, 6.32) |
| SGA | 0.87 (0.49, 1.55) | 1.81 (0.90, 3.63) | 0.59 (0.36, 0.96) |
| Severe IPV | |||
| PTB (< 37 weeks) | 0.75 (0.63, 2.62) | 1.28 (0.75, 2.57) | 1.39 (0.57, 1.26) |
| VPTB (< 34 weeks) | 0.31 (0.04, 2.39) | 2.78 (1.10, 7.06) | 1.13 (0.37, 3.46) |
| LBW (< 2,500 grams) | 0.51 (0.21, 1.25) | 1.66 (0.84, 3.28) | 1.06 (0.54, 2.07) |
| VLBW (< 1,500 grams) | 1.07 (0.13, 8.74) | 3.28 (0.85, 12.65) | 0.81 (0.10, 6.59) |
| SGA | 0.40 (0.17, 0.95) | 0.92 (0.45, 1.89) | 0.88 (0.47, 1.65) |
| Physical IPV | |||
| PTB (< 37 weeks) | 0.74 (0.37, 1.47) | 1.41 (0.58, 3.41) | 1.60 (1.00, 2.57) |
| VPTB (< 34 weeks) | 0.54 (0.12, 2.43) | 3.52 (1.06, 11.65) | 2.15 (0.96, 4.79) |
| LBW (< 2,500 grams) | 0.72 (0.36, 1.45) | 2.49 (1.13, 5.52) | 1.28 (0.77, 2.13) |
| VLBW (< 1,500 grams) | NE a | 5.67 (1.29, 25.02) | 2.06 (0.61, 6.98) |
| SGA | 0.75 (0.43, 1.34) | 1.62 (0.75, 3.48) | 0.65 (0.39, 1.05) |
| Sexual IPV | |||
| PTB (< 37 weeks) | 1.30 (0.52, 3.28) | 1.08 (0.55, 2.13) | 0.98 (0.44, 2.21) |
| VPTB (< 34 weeks) | 0.67 (0.09, 5.25) | 1.57 (0.56, 4.36) | 1.30 (0.36, 4.67) |
| LBW (< 2,500 grams) | 1.21 (0.47, 3.06) | 1.12 (0.55, 2.26) | 0.61 (0.23, 1.62) |
| VLBW (< 1,500 grams) | 2.43 (0.29, 20.54) | 3.74 (1.09, 12.85) | NE a |
| SGA | 0.62 (0.21, 1.81) | 1.32 (0.71, 2.45) | 0.77 (0.33, 1.77) |
Note: The odds ratios are adjusted for maternal age, maternal education, relationship status, care group and baseline risk factors (the latter only if they attained a significant association with the outcome at the p ≤ .01 level)
a
NE – Not estimated because no women participating in reciprocal violence delivered a VLBW infant.