Table 10.

Therapy and prophylaxis of disseminated Mycobacterium avium intracellulare diseases^a

Therapy/prophylaxis	Drug	Therapeutic regimen
Acute therapy (over 1–2 months)
First choice	Clarithromycin + Ethambutol + (± Rifabutin)	2 × 500 mg p.o. + 1 × 15 mg/kg body weight p.o. + 1 × 300 mg p.o.b
Alternative	Azithromycin + Ethambutol + (±Rifabutin)	1 × 500 mg p.o. + 1 × 15 mg/kg body weight p.o. + 1 × 300 mg p.o.b
Maintenance therapy (until CD4 T-cell count >100 cells/μl for >6 months)
As for acute therapy, but without rifabutin
Primary prophylaxis
Not recommended
Secondary prophylaxis after treated MAI-infection (start if CD4 T-cell count persists at <50/μl; discontinue if CD4 T-cells >100/μl at >6 months)
First choice	Azithromycin	1 × 1,200 mg/week p.o.
Alternative	Clarithromycin	2 × 500 mg p.o.

Note for Austria: In Austria a 600 mg azithromycin tablet is not available; other doses should be considered

^aDaily doses unless specified otherwise

^bControl of serum level may be necessary with concomitant treatment with ritonavir boosted protease inhibitors; dose adjustment to 150 mg/day is often possible with intensified control of toxicity, reduction to 150 mg per week if necessary. Regular control of nervus opticus under ethambutol