Table 1.
Demographic and health characteristics (n = 91)
| Age, years | 74.2 ± 6.3 |
| Female gender | 47 (51.6) |
| BMI | 23.2 ± 3.2 |
| Diagnosis | |
| Hypertension | 40 (44.0) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 8 (8.8) |
| Medication, ≥3 | 33 (36.3) |
| Mental status | |
| GDS, points | 3.6 ± 3.1 |
| MMSE, points | 27.0 ± 1.9 |
| Physical status | |
| Instrumental self-maintenancea, points | 4.9 ± 0.3 |
| Walking speed, m/s | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
Values are mean ± SD or number (percentage). GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale.
a
The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence subscale (0–5).