Table 2.
WNV lineages: differences in genome sequence and pathogenicity
| WNV | Area of circulation | Diseases in humans | Infection in animals | Isolated from | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lineage 1 (clade 1a) [27] | worldwide | fever, meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) | birds, reptiles, mammals | humans, mosquitoes, birds, mammals, reptiles | |
| Lineage 1 (clade 1b) [28] | Australia (Kunjin) | fever, meningitis, encephalitis | birds | mosquitoes, humans | |
| Lineage 2 [7] | South and Central Africa, Madagascar, Europe | fever, meningitis, encephalitis | birds, horses | mosquitoes, birds, horses, humans | |
| Potentially novel lineages | |||||
| Lineage 3 (RABV) [29] | Austria/Czech Republic | unknown | unknown | Culex pipiens | |
| Lineage 4 [30] | Russia | unknown | unknown | Dermacentor marginatus | |
| Lineage 5 (lineage 1 clade 1c) [31] | India | fever, meningitis, encephalitis | fruit bats | mosquitoes, humans, bats | |
| Lineage 6 (KUNV) [28] | Malaysia | fever, meningitis, encephalitis | birds | mosquitoes, humans | |
| Lineage 7 [32] | Spain | unknown | unknown | Culex pipiens | |