Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and test scores before (pre) and after (post) the 8 weeks’ treatment, with significant interaction using the Fisher post hoc test (mean ± SD)
| Experimental group |
Placebo group |
Control group |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pre (n = 10) | post (n = 10) | pre (n = 10) | post (n = 10) | pre (n = 10) | post (n = 10) | |
| Age, years | 82.6±4.85 | 84.5±5.06 | 84.7±4.42 | |||
| Education, years | 4.6±1.5 | 4.3±1.82 | 4±1.15 | |||
| Cognition | ||||||
| CDR | 1.5±0.052 | 1.25±0.541 | 1.5±0.52 | 1.6±0.512 | 1.5±0.52 | 1.5±0.522 |
| MMSE | 20.1±4.2 | 23±2.76 | 19.7±3.8 | 18.2±2.712 | 18.8±2.682 | 18.5±2.732 |
| ENB2 | ||||||
| IRPM | 4.6±2.2 | 7.2±3.71 | 3.4±2.2 | 2.9±1.852 | 4.9±2.6 | 4.2±2.342 |
| DRPM | 3.8±2.9 | 8±3.91 | 2.7±1.4 | 2.2±2.282 | 3.7±2.4 | 2.9±2.282 |
| BPT 10 s | 1.1±2.02 | 2.8±1.91 | 2.2±2.09 | 2.1±1.96 | 0.9±1.28 | 1±1.152 |
| WPF | 3.4±2.52 | 4.6±2.051 | 3.17±1.5 | 3.4±2.16 | 3.64±1.86 | 3±1.5 |
| Abstraction | 1.1±0.87 | 3.4±0.71 | 1.6±1.5 | 1.1±1.282 | 1±1.15 | 0.8±1.32 |
| CDT | 2.7±2.66 | 6.15±3.071 | 3.45±2.8 | 2.25±2.482 | 2.7±2 | 1.3±1.152 |
| ENB2.tot | 34.8±5.8 | 43.5±9.21 | 35.4±7.4 | 33.9±8.12 | 33.6±8.6 | 31.4±5.52 |
| Behavior | ||||||
| Behave-AD | ||||||
| symptoms | 7.7±8.04 | 0.5±0.51 | 12.2±9.6 | 11.1±7.432 | 5.9±4.62 | 8.4±3.92 |
IRPM = Immediate recall prose memory; DRPM = delayed recall prose memory; BPT = Brown-Peterson technique; WPF = word phonemic fluency; CDT = clock drawing test; ENB2.tot = ENB2 total score.
1
Significant difference within the experimental group (Fisher post hoc test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons; p < 0.05).
2
Significant difference between the experimental group and the other two groups at post-treatment evaluation (Fisher post hoc test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons; p < 0.05).