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TP53 and miR-34 function in parallel to activate p21 and to induce cell cycle arrest. TP53 transcription increases miR-34 expression, and miR-34 activates TP53 via repression of SIRT1, MDM4, and YY1. p21 expression can be directly induced by TP53, or indirectly by miR-34 through repression of HDAC1. Both TP53 and miR-34 may exert tumor suppression functions via p21 and other separate pathways. HDAC1, histone deacetylase 1.
