Table 3. Associations between the timing of peripheral malaria infection and placental pathology.

	Peripheral malaria detected during second trimester	Peripheral malaria detected during third trimester	Peripheral infection at delivery
Proportion without placental malaria (%)	5/230 (2.1)	5/230 (2.1)	0/230 (0)
Proportion with placental malaria (%)	36/75 (48.0)	10/75 (13.3)	3/75 (4.0)
Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)	6.8 (4.0-11.2)	2.1 (1.4-3.2)	NC
Proportion without hemozoin in the placenta (%)	5/234 (21.4)	5/234 (21.4)	1/234 (0.4)
Proportion with hemozoin in the placenta (%)	36/71 (50.1)	10/71 (41.1)	2/71 (2.8)
Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)	7.4 (4.5-12.4)	2.2 (1.4-3.3)	1.8 (0.9-3.4)
Proportion without parasites in the placenta (%)	40/292 (13.7)	12/292 (4.1)	0/292 (0)
Proportion with parasites in the placenta (%)	1/13 (7.6)	3/13 (23.1)	3/13 (23.1)
Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)	0.8 (0.3-2.2)	1.8 (1.0-3.1)	NC

^{NC: Not calculated}