Supplementary Table 1.
Proportion of Cases Exposed 2 Months Before Bleed Date or Match Date Stratified by Coded Peptic Ulcer
| Peptic ulcer coded, n | Exposed, % | No peptic ulcer coded, n | Exposed, % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Charlson index+ | ||||
| No comorbidity | 883 | 18.3 | 2557 | 22.2 |
| Single comorbidity | 916 | 19.0 | 2306 | 20.0 |
| Multiple or severe | 3024 | 62.7 | 6669 | 57.8 |
| Gastrointestinal | ||||
| Cirrhosis—none coded | 4753 | 98.5 | 11,251 | 97.6 |
| Cirrhosis only | 17 | 0.4 | 46 | 0.4 |
| Cirrhosis—varices | 8 | 0.2 | 57 | 0.5 |
| Cirrhosis—ascites | 32 | 0.7 | 140 | 1.2 |
| Cirrhosis—encephalopathy | 13 | 0.3 | 38 | 0.3 |
| Gastritis, duodenitis, or esophagitis | 710 | 14.7 | 2341 | 20.3 |
| Peptic ulcer | 864 | 17.9 | 988 | 8.6 |
| Helicobacter pylori | 162 | 3.4 | 447 | 3.9 |
| Angiodysplasia | 1 | 0.0 | 5 | 0.0 |
| Mallory-Weiss syndrome | 11 | 0.2 | 85 | 0.7 |
| Crohn's disease | 19 | 0.4 | 95 | 0.8 |
| GI cancer | 254 | 5.3 | 920 | 8.0 |
| Lifestyle | ||||
| Alcohol—not coded | 3299 | 68.4 | 7727 | 67.0 |
| Alcohol—non-drinker | 97 | 2.0 | 278 | 2.4 |
| Alcohol—ex-drinker | 20 | 0.4 | 44 | 0.4 |
| Alcohol—mentioned | 284 | 5.9 | 693 | 6.0 |
| Alcohol—over limits | 1105 | 22.9 | 2658 | 23.0 |
| Alcohol—complications | 18 | 0.4 | 132 | 1.1 |
| Smoking—not coded | 2753 | 57.1 | 6434 | 55.8 |
| Smoking—nonsmoker | 646 | 13.4 | 1686 | 14.6 |
| Smoking—ex-smoker | 288 | 6.0 | 600 | 5.2 |
| Smoking—passive | 405 | 8.4 | 1050 | 9.1 |
| Smoking—current | 731 | 15.2 | 1762 | 15.3 |
| Medications | ||||
| Aspirin | 1831 | 38.0 | 3561 | 30.9 |
| NSAIDs | 1431 | 29.7 | 2467 | 21.4 |
| COX II inhibitors | 222 | 4.6 | 383 | 3.3 |
| Clopidogrel | 198 | 4.1 | 470 | 4.1 |
| Oral steroids | 428 | 8.9 | 1150 | 10.0 |
| Anticoagulants | 427 | 8.9 | 1190 | 10.3 |
| SSRIs | 460 | 9.5 | 1565 | 13.6 |
| Other diagnoses | ||||
| Aortic stenosis | 125 | 2.6 | 225 | 2.0 |
| Repair of AAA | 36 | 0.7 | 79 | 0.7 |
| Dialysis | 30 | 0.6 | 58 | 0.5 |
| Confounders | ||||
| Previous upper GI procedure | 817 | 16.9 | 2621 | 22.7 |
| Previous PPI use | 906 | 18.8 | 3679 | 31.9 |
| Age (median and interquartile range) | 75 | 64–83 | 72 | 54–82 |
AAA, Abdominal aortic aneurysm; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
aNongastrointestinal comorbidity is catogorized as: Charlon Index = 0 is no comorbidity, Charlson Index = 1 single or comorbidity, and Charlson Index = 2 is multiple or severe comorbidity.