Table 4.
Characteristics of MI training studies for mobility and locomotor activities.
| Res Prot/Study | N | TSS | PP | Mental practice | Mean change scores | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hrs | Hrs | Eval | ✓ | Tasks | Gait speed | Limb | ABC | Berg | DGI | TUG (s) | |||
| cm/s | L % | 0–100 | 0–56 | 0–100 | |||||||||
| 1BYoo and Chung, 2006 | E | 5 months | 2.7 | 2.7 | YES | NO | 1 | NA | 15 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Standing | E | 23 months | 2.0 | 2.0 | 17 | ||||||||
| E | 8 months | 1.5 | 1.5 | 21 | |||||||||
| 1BHwang et al., 2010 | E:13 | 24 months | 20 | 6–10 | YES | NO | 1 | 7 | NA | 46 | 23 | 17 | 5 |
| Gait | C:11 | 23 months | 20 | 2 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 3 | |||||
| 1B Lee et al., 2011 | E:13 | Chronic | 9 | 5–9 | NO | NO | 1 | 16 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Gait | C:11 | 9 | No sham | 10 | |||||||||
| 1B Cho et al., 2013 | E:15 | 45 months | 9 | 6 | NO | NO | 1 | 14 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 8.3 |
| Gait | C:13 | 46 months | No sham | 9 | 1.6 | ||||||||
| 2Malouin et al., 2004a | E:12 | Chronic | 7 rep | 35 rep | YES | YES | 2 | NA | 16 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Rising-up/sitting | |||||||||||||
| 2Malouin et al., 2009 | E:5 | 2.4 years | 100 rep | 1100 rep | YES | YES | 2 | NA | 18 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Rising-up/sitting | C:4 | 3.5 years | 100 rep | 0 rep | −6 | ||||||||
| C:3 | 2.4 years | 0 rep | 0 rep | 6 | |||||||||
| 2 Deutsch et al., 2012 | E:1 | 10 years | 1 | 5 | YES | YES | 35 | 11 | NA | NA | 2 | ||
| Gait | |||||||||||||
| 3Dunsky et al., 2008 | E:17 | 9–108 months | 0 | 3–4.5 | NO | YES | 1 | 15 (8–38) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Gait | |||||||||||||
| 3Guttman et al., 2012 | E:13 | 7–55 months | ? | 2.8–4 | YES | NO | 1 | NA | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| STS | |||||||||||||
| 2Tamir et al., 2007 | E:11 | Stage 1.5–3 Hoen and Yahr's stage | 12 | 12 | NO | NO | 3 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2.5 |
| Mobillity | |||||||||||||
| Parkinson D | C:10 | 24 | −0.5 | ||||||||||
| 2Braun et al., 2011 | E:25 | *1.5–3 and <3 Hoen and Yahr's stage | 5 | 6 | NO | NO | ? | 3 and 20 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.5 and 1.3 |
| Gait | |||||||||||||
| Parkinson D | C:22 | 5 | 14 and 18 | 3.4 and 1.0 | |||||||||
PP, physical practice; TSS, mean time since stroke; Hrs, hours; Eval, MI assessment; ✓, manipulation checks; Tasks, number of tasks rehearsed mentally;
Res Prot 1A, 1B, 2, 3
, research protocols described in Table 1; NC, non-chronic strokes; Limb L, percent of limb loading on the affected side; STS, sit-to-stand; Berg, Berg balance scale; DGI, dynamic gait index; ABC, Activities-specific balance confidence scale; TUG, Timed Up and Go test; NA, not applicable; No sham, no contact time control; rep, repetitions;
*
results from 2 analyses: patients in stages 1.5–3 and patients in stages 1.5–2; bold, studies in persons with Parkinson's disease; ?, unspecified.