Table 2. Antiretroviral regimens for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, Namibia and Rwanda, 2009.
| Regimen | Pregnant women |
Mothers | Infants | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prepartum | Intrapartum | |||
| NVP | None | SD-NVP | None | NVP (either SD at birth or nothing) |
| 2 antiretrovirals for PMTCT prophylaxis | ZDV (as early as week 28) | NVP | ZDV/3TC (until 7 days postpartum) | SD-NVP at birth + ZDV (up to 1 or 4 weeks of age) |
| 3 antiretrovirals for PMTCT prophylaxis | ZDV/3TC/NVP (as early as week 28) | ZDV/3TC/NVP | ZDV/3TC (until 7 days postpartum) | SD-NVP at birth + ZDV (up to 1 or 4 weeks of age) |
| 2006 WHO ART recommendations15 | ZDV/3TC/NVPa | ZDV/3TC/NVPa | ZDV/3TC/NVPa | SD-NVP at birth + ZDV (up to 1 or 4 weeks of age) |
| 2010 WHO ART recommendations16 | ||||
| Option A | ZDV (as early as week 14) | ZDV/3TC/NVP | ZDV/3TC (until 7 days postpartum) | NVP (to end of BF + 1 week) |
| Option B | TDF/3TC/EFVb | TDF/3TC/EFVb | TDF/3TC/EFVb | NVP (up to 4–6 weeks of age) |
ART, antiretroviral therapy; BF, breastfeeding; EFV, efavirenz; NVP, nevirapine; SD, single-dose; 3TC, lamivudine; TDF, tenofovir; WHO, World Health Organization; ZDV, zidovudine.
a As early as week 28 of gestation to 12 months postpartum (i.e. end of recommended BF).15
b As early as week 14 of gestation to 12 months postpartum (i.e. end of recommended BF) plus 1 week.