Table 4. Households implementing distress financing, by household or household member characteristics, Bangladesh, 2011.

Characteristic	Percentage (95% CI) of households implementing distress financinga
Illness
Hypertension	12.2 (8.0–18.1)
Gastritis/peptic ulcer	11.9 (7.6–18.1)
Rheumatoid arthritisb	16.8 (11.6–23.8)
Diabetesb	12.4 (6.7–21.9)
Heart diseaseb	24.4 (17.4–33.1)
Migraine/headache	14.6 (9.3–22.1)
Asthmab	21.9 (14.3–32.1)
Diarrhoea/gastroenteritis	12.5 (7.4–20.6)
Allergyb	5.8 (1.9–16.4)
Injury	10.1 (4.4–21.7)
Skin disease	17.7 (8.8–32.4)
Cataract	17.1 (8.4–31.6)
Dental	11.9 (5.2–25.0)
Haemorrhoids	12.2 (4.4–29.6)
Liver disease (including hepatitis B and C)b	26.1 (14.3–42.9)
Urinary tract infection	18.1 (8.1–35.7)
Nephrolithiasis	21.0 (8.7–42.4)
Mental illness	15.1 (4.2–42.0)
Tumourb	27.5 (13.7–47.5)
Typhoidb	25.7 (10.7–50.0)
Care-seeking behaviourb
Inpatient	48.4 (35.9–61.0)
Outpatient
At public facility only	17.3 (12.2–24.1)
At private facility only	15.1 (10.1–21.9)
At both public and private facilities	30.5 (17.1–48.2)
Traditional healer	8.1 (4.7–13.7)
Self-medication/no treatment sought	10.0 (7.0–14.1)
Educational status of household memberb
No education	17.3 (12.9–22.9)
Primary	15.5 (11.5–20.6)
Secondary	12.2 (8.1–18.1)
Higher	8.4 (5.5–12.8)
Household expenditureb
Quintile 1 (lowest)	24.0 (18.4–30.8)
Quintile 2	15.1 (10.7–20.8)
Quintile 3	9.8 (5.5–16.9)
Quintile 4	10.9 (6.9–16.6)
Quintile 5 (highest)	6.9 (3.7–12.6)

CI, confidence interval.

^a The analysis was restricted to the 3300 household members who, in the 30 days before the data were collected, reportedly suffered illness that led to household expenditure.

^b These characteristics, which each gave a P-value of < 0.25 in the univariate analysis, were included in the multilevel Poisson regression model.