Figure 5.

454 pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA revealed WAS-induced dysbiosis of the small intestinal luminal content. 454 pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA was used to compare the microbiome of nonstress vs WAS mice (n = 5 per group). (A) The family level diversity of the microbiota associated with the mucosa and in the luminal content of the small intestine and the colon (mean ± standard error of the mean, *P < .05 per Mann–Whitney U test compared with nonstress group). (B) Nonmetric multidimensional scaling plots using a θ_YC distance matrix. The circles represent distinct communities identified from the luminal contents of the small intestine. Larger circles are closer in the depth axis and smaller circles are farther away in the depth axis. Left panel: x- and y-axes with the z-axis showing depth; right panel: x- and z-axes with the y-axis showing depth. (C) A histogram of the family level diversity of the microbiome in the luminal contents of the small intestine. (D) Relative abundance of the total bacterial count measured by total numbers of 16S relative to tumor necrosis factor-α messenger RNA expression. The fold increase comparing WAS with nonstress mice is shown. *P < .05.