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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2012 Aug 4;225(1):187–199. doi: 10.1007/s00213-012-2807-9

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Acute effects of dizocilpine (DZ) or memantine (MEM) on antinociceptive effects of morphine (MS) in a 55 °C water tail-withdrawal assay. Rats received either saline (filled circle) or an appropriate dose of NMDAR (milligrams per kilogram, open circles) 30 min before tests of cumulative doses of MS. Control tests (SAL as pretreatment) were conducted before NMDAR antagonist tests. Each rat served as its own control. Numbers in parentheses are the numbers of rats tested. Ordinates: latency expressed as percent maximal possible effect. Abscissa: cumulative doses of drugs, in milligrams per kilogram. Points and bars: means and SEM. Text in italics identifies the −30-min pretreatment: SAL saline, 0.1 DZ 0.1 mg/kg dizocilpine, 7.5 or 10 MEM 7.5 or 10 mg/kg memantine