Table 2.

Selected studies of digital pulse amplitude tonometry hyperemic response

Reference	Study population	Study details	Main findings
Observational
Community-based
Dhindsa et al 2008	40 healthy adults	PAT, FMD, brachial reactive hyperemia and brachial radial pulse wave velocity measured simultaneously	PAT hyperemic response correlated with FMD, brachial hyperemic flow but not pulse wave velocity
Hamburg et al 2008	1957 adults	PAT and cardiovascular risk factors	PAT hyperemic response lower with male sex, obesity, higher total/HDL cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, lipid-lowering therapy and higher with increasing age.
Referral or disease states
Kuvin et al 2003	89 Patients with chest pain referred for stress test	PAT and brachial measured simultaneously	PAT hyperemic response correlated with FMD and lower with risk factors and with positive stress test
Bonetti et al 2004	94 Patients referred for catheterization	PAT and coronary response to acetylcholine measured	PAT hyperemic response lower in patients with coronary endothelial dysfunction
Haller et al 2007	44 children	24 with Type I DM, 20 healthy children	PAT hyperemic response lower in children with DM
Interventional
Bonetti et al 2003	23 Patients with refractory angina	7 wk treatment Enhanced external counterpulsation	PAT hyperemic response increased after treatment
Nohria et al 2006	19 healthy subjects	Administration of inhibitor of eNOS inhibitor, L-NAME	PAT hyperemic response lower after L-NAME consistent with nitric oxide dependence
Schroeter et al 2006	12 healthy subjects	Ingestion of flavanol-rich cocoa or epicatechin	Flavanoid consumption increased PAT hyperemic response
Aversa et al 2008	20 men with diabetes	4 week treatment with sildenafil or placebo	Sildenafil increased PAT hyperemic response and FMD