Role of IRF3 in poly I:C and IFN-β-induced NO. (A) Mouse and Human IRF3 were aligned using the Clustal Omega software from EBI. (B) ERK phosphorylation of S135, S172, or no peptide control solutions was performed as described in the materials and methods. (C) RAW264.7 stably expressing shIRF3 or control shRNA were infected with 2 MOI Theiler's virus with or without 10ng/ml IL-6. (D) Peritoneal macrophages from IRF3+/+ or IRF3−/−; mice were pre-treated with U0126 (D) or no inhibitor (D) and then treated with 50 μg/ml poly I:C (D), infected with Theiler's virus (E), or treated with 10ng/ml IFN-β (F) for 24 hours. The supernatant was removed and nitric oxide was analyzed by Greiss assay (D,F) or RNA was extracted for analysis of iNOS expression by qRT-PCR. Data are means +/− SEM of 3 to 4 samples per group.