Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics for patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.
| Characteristic | Schizophrenia (n = 43) | Healthy control (n = 54) |
|---|---|---|
| Years of education: mean ± SD (range) | 12.67 ± 1.91 (9–17) | 14.09 ± 2.02 (10–20)⁎ |
| Years of parental education: mean ± SD (range) | 14.87 ± 2.30 (10–19) | 14.28 ± 2.44 (8–20) |
| Gender: n males (%) | 34 (79%) | 35 (65%) |
| Ethnicity: n Caucasian (%) | 22 (51%) | 28 (52%) |
| Handedness: n left-handed (%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (7%) |
| WASI IQ: mean ± SD (range) | 102.12 ± 13.10 (78–131) | 113.63 ± 10.67 (85–135)⁎ |
| Diagnosis: n (%) | ||
| Schizophrenia | 41 (96%) | – |
| Schizoaffective | 1 (2%) | – |
| Schizophreniform | 1 (2%) | – |
| Medication status: n (%) | ||
| Unmedicated | 15 (35%) | – |
| Atypical antipsychotic | 27 (63%) | – |
| Typical and atypical antipsychotic | 1 (2%) | – |
| Symptom scores: mean ± SD (range) | ||
| Disorganization symptoms | 7.03 ± 3.53 (3–16) | – |
| Reality distortion symptoms | 16.07 ± 6.18 (4–29) | – |
| Poverty symptoms | 13.49 ± 5.69 (3–26) | – |
| Behavioral data | ||
| AX-CPT accuracy: mean ± SD | ||
| AX | .94 ± .08 | .98 ± .03 |
| AY | .82 ± .21 | .84 ± .19 |
| BX | .86 ± .14 | .94 ± .08 |
| BY | .98 ± .04 | .99 ± .03 |
| AX-CPT reaction time: mean (ms) ± SD | ||
| AX | 613 ± 184 | 545 ± 122 |
| AY | 774 ± 180 | 711 ± 148 |
| BX | 761 ± 302 | 625 ± 219 |
| BY | 664 ± 224 | 560 ± 164 |
| Stroop accuracy: mean ± SD | ||
| Congruent | .97 ± .03 | .99 ± .02 |
| Incongruent | .92 ± .11 | .95 ± .06 |
| Stroop reaction time: mean (ms) ± SD | ||
| Congruent | 685 ± 131 | 622 ± 85 |
| Incongruent | 785 ± 158 | 717 ± 120 |
SD, standard deviation.
⁎
p < 0.05.