Table 4. Estimation of mutation and synonymous divergence rates in Plasmodium vivax.

Divergence time scenario	Average mutation rate per site	Lower limits of mutation rate/site/year (μa)	Upper limits of mutation rate/site/year (μb)	Average synonymous divergence rate per site	Lower limits of synonymous divergence rate/site/year (μsa)	Upper limits of synonymous divergence rate/site/year (μsb)
[37] 23–30 mya	0.14985	6.51×10−9	4.99×10−9	0.3965	8.61×10−9	6.60×10−9
[39] 2–3 mya		7.49×10−8	4.99×10−8		9.90×10−8	6.60×10−8
[13] 3.8–6.3 mya		3.94×10−8	2.37×10−8		5.21×10−8	3.14×10−8