Table 2. Treatment approach in 437 spinal CE cases.

Treatment (n = 437)	No. of cases	Surgical approach	N (%)		Notes
Surgery *
surgical approach	284	posterior only	217	186	laminectomy only
specified			(76.4)	4	hemilaminectomy only
				3	costotransversectomy only
				24	laminectomy+posterior stabilization/fusion (incl. pedicle screw-systems, Harrington- & Luque-rods, bone grafting)
		anterior † & posterior	46 (16.2)		laminectomy+various ant. & post. procedures (incl. curettage, vertebrectomy, bone grafting, vertebral body replacement by titanium cage implantation, pedicle screw-systems, Harrington- & Luque-rods, plating)
		anterior † only	21 (7.4)		various procedures (incl. curettage, vertebrectomy, bone grafting, vertebral body replacement by titanium cage implantation, plating)
surgical approach not specified	143
Medical treatment with albendazole only	8				Belhassen-Garcia 2011 [109], Sudo 2010 [82], Kotil 2010 [87], Tuğcu 2008 [110], Rkain 2007 [111], El Kohen 2003 [83], Kuremu 2002 [84], Poggianti 1997 [112]
PAIR+albendazole	2				Ozdemir 2011 [56], Spektor 1997 [76]

^*± adjunct medical treatment with benzimidazoles (see table 3).

^† anterior: transthoracic, transabdominal, retroperitoneal, and transoral.