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. 2013 Sep 19;9(9):e1003814. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003814

Figure 5. Functional domain mapping of dTULP for ciliary localization of Iav and NompC.

Figure 5

(A) Schematic diagram showing different domains of dTULP as well as dTULP mutant forms (mutA, mutB, and mutAB). Location and identity of each mutation are marked. IFT, intraflagellar transport; NLS, nuclear localization signal; PIP, phosphoinositide. (B–D) Confocal imaging of the second antennal segment in the dTulp knockout flies expressing dTULP wild-type (dTULPwt), dTULPmutA, dTULPmutB, and dTULPmutAB. (B) Confocal imaging of Iav-GFP counterstained with 22C10 which stains neuronal cells except for the cilia located in the outer segment. (C) Immunostaining of NompC counterstained with phalloidin that specifically stains actin-rich scolopales. (D) Immunostaining of dTULP. Arrows indicate the junction between inner and outer segment. (E–F) Quantification of Iav-GFP and dTULP expression levels in the proximal cilia. The number of images analyzed is shown in parentheses. (E) Quantification of Iav-GFP expression level in the proximal cilia. *p<0.05 and **p<0.01 compared to dTULPwt-expressing dTulp mutant. (F) Quantification of dTULP expression level in the proximal cilia. **p<0.01 compared to dTULPwt-expressing dTulp mutant. (G) Representative traces of sound-evoked potentials recorded from the antennal nerve of dTULPwt, dTULPmutA, dTULPmutB, and dTULPmutAB-expressing dTulp1 flies. (H) Quantification of sound-evoked potentials of indicated genotypes. Genotypes of animal are dTulp1/CyO, dTulp1,F-GAL4/dTulp1, dTulp1,F-GAL4/dTulp1;UAS-dTulpwt/+, dTulp1,F-GAL4/dTulp1;UAS-dTulpmutA/+, dTulp1,F-GAL4/dTulp1;UAS-dTulpmutB/+, and dTulp1,F-GAL4/dTulp1;UAS-dTulpmutAB/+. *p<0.05 and **p<0.01 compared to dTulp1/CyO. The number of flies used for quantification of each genotype is indicated in parentheses. All p values were calculated using ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey assay. All error bars represent SEM.