Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of Groups
| Characteristic | M (SD) or percent | t(26) | χ2(1) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| IT (n = 14) | WL (n = 14) | ||||
| Child Age (months) | 39.71 (14.17) | 36.50 (12.96) | −0.63 | -- | .537 |
| Birthweight (grams) | 1157.00 (651.48) | 1246.07 (563.23) | 0.39 | -- | .702 |
| Gestational Age (weeks) | 27.71 (3.99) | 28.93 (2.34) | 0.98 | -- | .335 |
| APGAR 1 mina | 3.70 (2.71) | 5.50 (2.47) | 1.63 | -- | .119 |
| APGAR 5 mina | 5.60 (2.84) | 7.08 (1.73) | 1.51 | -- | .147 |
| Perinatal Morbidity (%)b | 85.7 | 92.9 | -- | 0.37 | .541 |
| Child Sex (% male) | 71.4 | 71.4 | -- | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Child Ethnicity (% minority) | 35.7 | 21.4 | -- | 0.70 | .403 |
| Hollingshead | 40.04 (12.86) | 46.75 (13.15) | 1.37 | -- | .184 |
| Time 1 ECBI Intensity Score | 147.93 (39.70) | 146.29 (28.08) | −0.13 | -- | .900 |
| Time 2 ECBI Intensity Score | 71.73 (15.34) | 147.79 (33.14) | 7.01 | -- | < .001 |
| Time 1 Global Regulation | 3.61 (0.63) | 3.71 (0.47) | 0.51 | -- | .612 |
Note: IT = Immediate Treatment; WL = Waitlist Control; ECBI = Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory.
APGAR scores, only available from 22 of the 28 children, are a simple method to assess the health of newborns (e.g., breathing, heart rate, skin color) measured both 1 and 5 min after birth. Scores ≥ 8 are considered normal, whereas lower scores may be indicative of longer-term difficulties.
Perinatal morbidity, dummy coded as a dichotomous variable (1 = yes, 0 = no), was based on maternal report of any of the following: newborn difficulties during the neonatal period (i.e., after birth), including respiratory distress; jaundice; problems with breathing, sucking, swallowing, or feeding; intraventricular bleeding; and other neonatal complications. All but one child (IT group) were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, which is common among preemies.