Table 2.

Freeze drying parameters used for the series of formulations in this study.

Formulation	Fill volume (vial size)	Target product temperature	Chamber pressure	Freezing temperature (ramp rate)	Primary drying		Secondary drying
					Shelf temperature (ramp rate)	Drying Time	Shelf temperature (ramp rate)	Drying time
HES + disaccharide (i.e. Formulation A)	1 mL (5 cc)	–40 °C	70 mTorr	–45 °C (1 °C/min)	–20 °C (1.3 °C/min)	~12 h	+33 °C (0.3 °C/min)	2 h
Samples with sorbitol in formulation B, C and D	2 mL (5 cc)	–31 °C	100 mTorr	–40 °C (1 °C/min)	–18 °C (0.2 °C/min)	~43 h	+40 °C (0.1 °C/min)	6 h
Samples with glycerol in formulation B, C and D	2 mL (5 cc)	–40 °C	60 mTorr	–45 °C (1 °C/min)	–34 °C (0.2 °C/min)	~88 h	+40 °C (0.1 °C/min)	5 h
HES 0.75% + trehalose:glycerol (i.e. Formulation E)	5 mL (20 cc)	–40 °C	70 mTorr	–45 °C (1 °C/min)	–34 °C (0.2 °C/min)	~72 h	+40 °C (0.1 °C/min)	6 h