Table 2.

Language skills of L2 learners.

Language skill (%)	German late learners of English		Turkish early learners of German		Turkish late learners of German
	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
L1 Listening	99.67	1.79	94.81	10.51	99.25	2.66
L2 Listening	76.78	13.62	99.61	1.96	85.92	11.52
L1 Reading	99.67	1.79	85.38	20.63	99.25	2.66
L2 Reading	81.42	10.78	97.77	4.23	82.22	11.87
L1 Language independence	100	–	94.44	10.50	99.62	1.92
L2 Language independence	82.56	28.72	98.14	5.57	80.37	15.05