Figure 6.

Arm external rotation at Stride Foot Contact. In the investigation of Fleisig (1994) Arm external rotation was found to be 53°±26°. An increase in the amount of displayed external rotation at this point in the throwing cycle is termed “Early External Rotation” and was shown to be associated with increased stressful forces at both the shoulder and elbow, whilst a reduction in external rotation is termed “Late External Rotation” and was shown to be associated with increased stressful forces at the elbow, but a reduction in potentially damaging forces at the elbow.