TABLE 3.

HRs and 95% CIs for all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality by meat intake¹

	HR (95% CI)
	All-cause mortality	Cancer mortality	CVD mortality
Men
No. of deaths	14,326	5610	3579
Total meat
Q1	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Q2	0.95 (0.89, 1.01)	0.99 (0.91, 1.08)	0.87 (0.75, 1.00)
Q3	0.93 (0.85, 1.03)*	1.01 (0.91, 1.13)	0.91 (0.79, 1.04)
Q4	1.02 (0.91, 1.15)†	1.11 (0.94, 1.30)†	0.91 (0.78, 1.05)
P-trend	0.82	0.25	0.29
Red meat
Q1	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Q2	0.94 (0.88, 1.00)	0.95 (0.85, 1.05)	0.89 (0.79, 0.99)
Q3	0.86 (0.80, 0.93)	0.87 (0.78, 0.96)	0.87 (0.79, 0.97)
Q4	0.93 (0.84, 1.02)†	0.90 (0.77, 1.05)*	0.87 (0.78, 0.98)
P-trend	0.06	0.09	0.04
Poultry
T1	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
T2	0.88 (0.83, 0.93)	0.93 (0.84, 1.02)	0.82 (0.66, 1.02)*
T3	0.89 (0.81, 0.98)	0.91 (0.80, 1.04)	0.82 (0.64, 1.06)*
P-trend	0.02	0.17	0.14
Fish
Q1	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Q2	0.98 (0.89, 1.08)*	1.02 (0.90, 1.15)	0.99 (0.82, 1.20)*
Q3	0.98 (0.89, 1.08)*	1.04 (0.96, 1.13)	0.96 (0.79, 1.15)*
Q4	1.05 (0.95, 1.16)†	1.14 (1.04, 1.26)	0.95 (0.80, 1.13)
P-trend	0.43	0.02	0.50
Women
No. of deaths	9957	3948	2794
Total meat
Q1	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Q2	0.88 (0.82, 0.94)	0.92 (0.78, 1.08)	0.88 (0.78, 0.99)
Q3	0.91 (0.82, 1.02)	0.96 (0.79, 1.17)*	0.88 (0.74, 1.04)
Q4	0.93 (0.86, 1.01)	0.90 (0.78, 1.04)	1.02 (0.89, 1.18)
P-trend	0.25	0.27	0.80
Red meat
Q1	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Q2	0.93 (0.87, 0.98)	0.92 (0.82, 1.04)	0.93 (0.82, 1.06)
Q3	0.88 (0.81, 0.95)	0.83 (0.74, 0.92)	0.86 (0.75, 0.99)
Q4	0.93 (0.86, 1.00)	0.85 (0.76, 0.94)	1.03 (0.85, 1.25)
P-trend	0.05	<0.01	0.99
Poultry
T1	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
T2	0.91 (0.85, 0.97)	0.91 (0.83, 1.01)	0.97 (0.85, 1.09)
T3	0.93 (0.86, 0.99)	0.88 (0.79, 0.97)	1.05 (0.92, 1.18)
P-trend	0.03	<0.01	0.49
Fish
Q1	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Q2	0.86 (0.75, 0.98)	0.97 (0.80, 1.17)	0.84 (0.75, 0.94)
Q3	0.89 (0.83, 0.96)	1.01 (0.81, 1.28)†	0.79 (0.68, 0.91)
Q4	0.91 (0.85, 0.97)	1.00 (0.83, 1.20)	0.88 (0.77, 1.01)
P-trend	0.05	0.92	0.04

¹Values were adjusted for age, BMI, education, smoking habit, rural/urban residence, alcohol intake, fruit and vegetable intake, and total energy intake. *P value for homogeneity across studies rejected at α < 0.05. ^†P value for homogeneity across studies rejected at α < 0.01. CVD, cardiovascular disease; Q, quartile; ref, reference; T, tertile.