Table 3.
Risk of Deatha From any Cause or From Breast Cancer for Adolescent and Young Adult Females 15 to 39 Years of Age with Invasive Breast Cancer,b California, 1992–2009
| |
Deaths, all causes |
Deaths, breast-cancer specific |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of deaths | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | Number of deaths | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | |
| Age at diagnosis (years)c | 4314 (100%) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 3764 (100%) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) |
| Year of diagnosis (years)c | 4314 (100%) | 0.96 (0.95–0.96) | 3764 (100%) | 0.95 (0.94–0.95) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White | 2094 (48.5%) | 1.00 (ref) | 1830 (48.6%) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Black | 560 (13.0%) | 1.45 (1.31–1.61) | 493 (13.1%) | 1.47 (1.32–1.64) |
| Hispanic | 1181 (27.4%) | 1.00 (0.93–1.09) | 1027 (27.3%) | 1.02 (0.93–1.11) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 470 (10.9%) | 0.96 (0.87–1.07) | 407 (10.8%) | 0.96 (0.86–1.07) |
| Other/unknown | 9 (0.2%) | 0.47 (0.21–1.05) | 7 (0.2%) | 0.37 (0.14–0.99) |
| First-course surgical/radiation treatment | ||||
| BCS with radiation | 990 (22.9%) | 1.00 (ref) | 856 (22.7%) | 1.00 (ref) |
| BCS without radiation | 425 (9.9%) | 1.22 (1.08–1.37) | 363 (9.6%) | 1.21 (1.07–1.38) |
| Mastectomy radiation | 956 (22.2%) | 1.35 (1.23–1.49) | 862 (22.9%) | 1.36 (1.22–1.51) |
| Mastectomy without radiation | 1593 (36.9%) | 1.25 (1.15–1.36) | 1387 (36.8%) | 1.25 (1.14–1.37) |
| No surgery | 350 (8.1%) | 2.17 (1.82–2.60) | 296 (7.9%) | 2.04 (1.69–2.48) |
| Chemotherapy | ||||
| No | 665 (15.4%) | 1.00 (ref) | 528 (14.0%) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Yes | 3556 (82.4%) | 1.27 (1.16–1.39) | 3158 (83.9%) | 1.36 (1.22–1.50) |
| Unknown | 93 (2.2%) | 1.02 (0.81–1.28) | 78 (2.1%) | 1.05 (0.82–1.35) |
| Tumor grade | ||||
| Low | 1129 (26.2%) | 1.00 (ref) | 982 (26.1%) | 1.00 (ref) |
| High | 2772 (64.3%) | 1.46 (1.36–1.57) | 2446 (65.0%) | 1.47 (1.36–1.58) |
| Unknown | 413 (9.6%) | 1.07 (0.94–1.22) | 336 (8.9%) | 1.00 (0.87–1.15) |
| Tumor size (cm)c | 4314 (100%) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 3764 (100%) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) |
| Lymph node involvement | ||||
| Negative | 1112 (25.8%) | 1.00 (ref) | 902 (24.0%) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Positive | 2928 (67.9%) | 1.93 (1.75–2.12) | 2623 (69.7%) | 2.02 (1.83–2.24) |
| Unknown | 274 (6.4%) | 2.30 (1.92–2.74) | 239 (6.3%) | 2.42 (2.00–2.92) |
| Metastasis | ||||
| Negative | 3788 (87.8%) | 1.00 (ref) | 3295 (87.5%) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Positive | 517 (12.0%) | 1.91 (1.31–2.78) | 461 (12.2%) | 2.07 (1.40–3.07) |
| Unknown | 9 (0.2%) | 2.28 (0.82–6.34) | 8 (0.2%) | 2.73 (0.98–7.65) |
| Neighborhood SES quintile | ||||
| Highest | 830 (19.2%) | 1.00 (ref) | 731 (19.4%) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Higher-middle | 922 (21.4%) | 1.13 (1.03–1.25) | 817 (21.7%) | 1.14 (1.03–1.26) |
| Middle | 918 (21.3%) | 1.22 (1.10–1.35) | 795 (21.1%) | 1.19 (1.07–1.33) |
| Lower-middle | 860 (19.9%) | 1.36 (1.23–1.51) | 761 (20.2%) | 1.36 (1.22–1.52) |
| Lowest | 784 (18.2%) | 1.37 (1.23–1.53) | 660 (17.5%) | 1.29 (1.14–1.45) |
| National Cancer Institute–designated hospital | ||||
| No | 4025 (93.3%) | 1.00 (ref) | 3526 (93.7%) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Yes | 289 (6.7%) | 0.86 (0.76–0.98) | 238 (6.3%) | 0.80 (0.70–0.92) |
Note: p<0.05 indicated in bold.
a
Cox models were adjusted for all variables in the table; AJCC stage levels I–IV were included as a stratifying variable.
b
Models include 17,658 eligible patients.
c
Age at diagnosis, year of diagnosis, and tumor size are presented as continuous variables. Relevant units are presented in parentheses.
AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; BCS, breast-conserving surgery; CI, confidence interval; ref, reference; SES, socioeconomic status.