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. 2013 Jun 3;591(Pt 17):4249–4272. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.254987

Figure 9. Simulated AF induced by rapid pacing.

Figure 9

A, snapshots of wave propagation at various timings (ad), illustrating the development of a re-entrant circuit around the RPV (a, b) and the development and breakdown of re-entry in the RA (c, d). The distribution of the membrane potential in the 3D atrial tissue is shown using a standard rainbow palette. Circle with an asterisk indicates the stimulation site. B, dominant frequency analysis of locations within the LA (a) and RA (b).